{"id":33418,"date":"2026-08-20T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/?p=33418"},"modified":"2026-08-18T18:32:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T17:32:18","slug":"what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Prashanth Mysore explores how hidden energy waste in multi-national manufacturing businesses could potentially lead to millions in energy costs. Delay has a measurable cost. Energy and scheduling are now linked – and virtual twins close the gap<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most manufacturers think they have not decided anything about energy optimisation yet. They have. Every quarter a plant runs on the current schedule, with the current inefficiencies, is a quarter the company chose to keep paying for them. ‘We\u2019ll get to it’ is not a holding position. It\u2019s a spending decision, made by default, and it is expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is the arithmetic, because it\u2019s the part that usually gets skipped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Take a plant with a $20 million annual energy bill. Suppose 5% of that is recoverable through better scheduling, leak detection, and idle-time control. Five percent sounds like rounding error, the kind of number that loses a budget fight to almost anything else on the list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But 5% of $20 million is $1 million a year, every year, recurring. Wait three years for a ‘better time’ and you have spent $3 million on inefficiencies you already knew about, before energy prices move at all. They will move. So, the real figure is worse.

That is the trap with energy waste: it does not trigger an alarm. A compressed-air leak does not page anyone at 2am. Machines idling between cycles do not show up as a defect. Peak-demand charges from bad sequencing arrive a month later, folded into a utility bill nobody reads line by line. The cost is real and the feedback is silent, which is the worst combination for getting anything fixed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why energy stopped being a procurement problem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a long time, treating energy as a line item to be negotiated down made sense. Sign a good contract, run an audit every few years, move on. That logic is breaking, for reasons that have nothing to do with sustainability slogans and everything to do with risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Electricity prices swing harder than they used to. Gas markets carry geopolitical risk that shows up in your P&L. Renewables change the shape of supply across a day. Carbon pricing keeps tightening, on a schedule set by regulators rather than by you. A plant that can see its energy use only in monthly hindsight is exposed to all of this and can react to none of it. By the time the utility report lands, the money is gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plants that handle volatility well share one capability: they can move. They shift energy-intensive runs off peak windows, re-sequence to cut warm-up cycles, and flatten demand spikes before they become penalties. That\u2019s not an energy team doing energy things. That\u2019s the production schedule itself becoming energy aware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The blind spot sits between planning and the meter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is the part most operations leaders underrate. Production scheduling and energy consumption are tightly coupled, and almost nobody plans them together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schedules get optimised for throughput, on-time delivery, labour, and machine utilisation. Energy almost never enters the model. Two schedules that ship the exact same output can carry wildly different energy bills, and the planner has no way of knowing which one they picked. A few ways that plays out:

\u2022 Run three power-hungry assets at once and you have bought a peak-demand penalty.
\u2022 Sequence changeovers badly and you\u2019re paying to reheat equipment you just cooled.
\u2022 Pick the wrong batch size and utilities bleed quietly across the run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

None of this is visible in a throughput-only plan. Fixing it means scheduling against energy as a real constraint, using live operational data, not a static plan built once and run for a month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why the audits did not fix it<\/strong>

Plenty of these plants have already done the work, on paper. They have run the audit. They have installed the smart meters. They have dashboards and reports going back years. And energy performance hasn\u2019t moved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reason is blunt: measuring energy and reducing energy are different problems. Data tells you what happened. It does not tell you which production decision caused it, which asset is the disproportionate offender, or which fix returns the most per dollar. Most manufacturers are drowning in energy data and starved of the operational context that would turn any of it into a decision. A meter reading is not an action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What actually closes the gap<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The manufacturers pulling ahead have stopped monitoring and started simulating. With a virtual twin of the plant, its lines, its utilities, its schedules, you can test a change before you touch the floor: a different production sequence, a demand-shifting strategy, a renewable-integration plan, a decarbonisation step. You see the energy and cost consequences in the model, then deploy the version that wins. Reactive becomes proactive, and the guesswork comes out of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


How you can take action<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019ll be specific about how, rather than wave at ‘solutions’. The leverage comes from connecting energy to execution instead of running it as a separate sustainability track. Combine the virtual twin<\/strong><\/a> with advanced planning and scheduling<\/a>, manufacturing operations management<\/a><\/strong>, and industrial AI, and energy stops being something you report on after the fact. In practice that means you can:

\u2022 Schedule against energy cost directly, alongside throughput and delivery.
\u2022 Simulate a saving before committing capital to it.
\u2022 Watch demand in real time and trim the peaks as they form.
\u2022 Balance production, cost, and carbon in one decision rather than three separate meetings.

Net Zero progress then comes out of how the plant runs, not out of a parallel program that competes with it for budget.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Prashanth Mysore, Senior Director for Strategic Business Development at <\/em>DELMIA<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The honest version of the cost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, what does waiting actually cost? Not ‘another year of higher bills’. That framing is too small and lets people defer it again. The real bill is cumulative:

\u2022 The recurring savings you keep not capturing.
\u2022 The production cost you keep carrying.
\u2022 The competitiveness you cede to plants that already schedule this way.
\u2022 The carbon you keep emitting while reporting requirements tighten around you.
\u2022 The volatility you stay fully exposed to, because you still can\u2019t move.

The leaders of the next decade will not be the plants that use the least energy. They will be the ones that understand, predict, and optimise energy with the same rigour they already apply to throughput and quality. Energy has quietly become one of the variables that decides who is competitive. The plants treating it that way are pulling ahead now, while the rest wait for a better time that the math says never arrives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prashanth Mysore is Senior Director for Strategic Business Development at DELMIA<\/strong><\/a>.

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prashanth Mysore explores how hidden energy waste in multi-national manufacturing businesses could potentially lead to millions in energy costs. Delay has a measurable cost. Energy and scheduling are now linked – and virtual twins close the gap Most manufacturers think they have not decided anything about energy optimisation yet. They have. Every quarter a plant …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199],"tags":[13123],"class_list":["post-33418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-news-views-and-opinion","tag-delmia"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prashanth Mysore explores how hidden energy waste in multi-national manufacturing businesses could potentially lead to millions in energy costs. Delay has a measurable cost. Energy and scheduling are now linked – and virtual twins close the gap Most manufacturers think they have not decided anything about energy optimisation yet. They have. Every quarter a plant …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Engineer News Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1\"},\"headline\":\"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1114,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"DELMIA\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News, Views and Opinion\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Engineer News Network\",\"description\":\"The ultimate online news and information resource for today's engineer\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network","og_description":"Prashanth Mysore explores how hidden energy waste in multi-national manufacturing businesses could potentially lead to millions in energy costs. Delay has a measurable cost. Energy and scheduling are now linked – and virtual twins close the gap Most manufacturers think they have not decided anything about energy optimisation yet. They have. Every quarter a plant …","og_url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/","og_site_name":"Engineer News Network","article_published_time":"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":240,"height":240,"url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Estimated reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1"},"headline":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities?","datePublished":"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/"},"wordCount":1114,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg","keywords":["DELMIA"],"articleSection":["News, Views and Opinion"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/","url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/","name":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities? - Engineer News Network","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg","datePublished":"2026-08-20T09:00:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/prashanth-mysore-delmia-3.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/what-is-the-true-cost-of-delaying-energy-optimisation-in-industrial-facilities\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"What is the true cost of delaying energy optimisation in industrial facilities?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/","name":"Engineer News Network","description":"The ultimate online news and information resource for today's engineer","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/4477342aea8e299c6a21761e513ea8e1","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33418"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33422,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33418\/revisions\/33422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}