{"id":5456,"date":"2018-03-14T09:03:26","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T09:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/?p=5456"},"modified":"2018-03-14T09:05:38","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T09:05:38","slug":"sensors-withstand-extreme-temperatures-pressures-and-aggressive-chemicals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/sensors-withstand-extreme-temperatures-pressures-and-aggressive-chemicals\/","title":{"rendered":"Sensors withstand extreme temperatures, pressures and aggressive chemicals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Will Meenan details the different types of sensors needed for corresponding extreme conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It takes an extremely durable design to make reliable measurements in extreme conditions. Extreme environment position\/displacement sensors perform where most sensors cannot survive.<\/p>\n<p>These sensors are designed to operate in the following environmental conditions:<\/p>\n<p>* High or cryogenic temperatures<br \/>\n*\u00a0Aggressive chemicals or salt water<br \/>\n*\u00a0High pressures<br \/>\n*\u00a0High radiation<br \/>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7565662001938327\" data-ad-slot=\"7585079586\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><br \/>\nExtreme environment sensors are necessary for applications that require high accuracy, high reliability, and structural integrity in adverse conditions.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image006-e1520932102116.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5458\" src=\"https:\/\/engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image006-e1520932102116.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"274\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sensor options for extreme conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When it comes to difficult environments, two primary sensor technologies are used to measure position or displacement: capacitive and inductive.<\/p>\n<p>Each technology has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are described below.<\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0Capacitive sensors operate on the principal of capacitance changes between the sensor and target (object being measured) to determine<br \/>\ndistance.<\/p>\n<p>Capacitive sensors perform well with many different materials. They have the advantage of a relatively small spot size and are not sensitive to material thickness. They do require a target grounded to the measuring system, which is generally not a problem. They can be constructed of very high temperature materials for operation at temperatures up to 1,200\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>The main disadvantage of capacitive sensors is their sensitivity to humidity changes, fluids, or environmental contaminants.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image008-e1520932306233.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5459\" src=\"https:\/\/engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image008-e1520932306233.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image008-e1520932306233.png 177w, https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image008-e1520932306233-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image008-e1520932306233-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 177px) 100vw, 177px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>While they can be used in extreme conditions, the environment must be clean.<\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0Inductive (eddy current) sensors operate by generating eddy currents in a target material. The inductive (eddy current) sensors require a conductive target, which is a bit more limiting than capacitance technology.<\/p>\n<p>A ground connection between the target and measuring system is not necessary.<\/p>\n<p>Sensor performance is affected by target material conductivity and the sensor must be calibrated to the particular material it will measure in the application. These sensors have a larger spot size in comparison to other technologies, which makes them insensitive to material finish.<\/p>\n<p>Performance is also affected by temperature changes; this must be taken into account during the calibration process.<\/p>\n<p>One main advantage is that inductive sensors can operate in the presence of, or be totally submerged in, fluids and environmental contaminants.<\/p>\n<p>In general, non-conductive material between the sensor and the target is not detected.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specialised sensor applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For many years, extreme environment sensors have been utilised for position and displacement measurements in difficult environmental conditions where most sensors will not survive. Typical applications include:<\/p>\n<p>* Nuclear reactor grid vibration<br \/>\n*\u00a0Nuclear reactor component development testing<br \/>\n*\u00a0Steam and gas turbine shaft vibration and runout<br \/>\n*\u00a0Cryogenic pump shaft runout<br \/>\n*\u00a0University research<br \/>\n*\u00a0Jet engine shaft vibration and runout<br \/>\n* Chemical reactor bearing wear<br \/>\n*\u00a0Liquid fuelled rocket engine component testing<br \/>\n*\u00a0Diesel engine development testing<br \/>\n*\u00a0Subsea oil &amp; gas production equipment<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sensors designed to withstand extreme conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Extreme environment sensors which are capable of making both static and dynamic measurements are required for measurements in adverse conditions.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Kaman manufactures a range of extreme environment inductive displacement sensors designed for continuous operation at temperatures up to 638\u02daC (1,000\u02daF) or down to -196\u02daC (-320\u02daF).<\/p>\n<p>The sensor probes can withstand pressures to 340 bar (5,000 psi) and are of totally inorganic construction for use in high radiation environments without degradation. The outer housing is resistant to a wide variety of chemicals.<\/p>\n<p>A complete measuring channel consists of:<\/p>\n<p>* A sensor probe with a laser-welded Inconel housing and metal<br \/>\njacketed mineral insulated cable.<br \/>\n*\u00a0A length of flexible cable between the mineral insulated cable and signal conditioner. The cable is attached to the mineral insulated cable via a transition connector.<br \/>\n*\u00a0A KDM-8206 series signal conditioning electronics module.<br \/>\n*\u00a0An industrial 19-inch rack or NEMA type 4 enclosure to house the<br \/>\nelectronics module.<\/p>\n<p>The sensor probe materials of construction were carefully selected to survive these extreme environments.<\/p>\n<p>The mineral insulated cable is manufactured to precise specifications and is used to transmit the probe signal to a more benign environment where the signal conditioning<br \/>\nelectronics can be located. Cable lengths (both mineral insulated and flexible) can be customised to fit each application.<\/p>\n<p>Calibration parameters (target material, temperatures, measuring range) can also customised.<\/p>\n<p>The sensor system uses thermal compensation techniques that minimise thermal shift of the output signal over the wide temperature spans.<\/p>\n<p>Specially designed calibration equipment is required to negate effects of thermal expansion and contraction of the calibration test set up.<\/p>\n<p>The result is a linear, accurate measurement of displacement over a wide range of environmental conditions. Sensor housings are rigid and not affected by pressure variations within design parameters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>New testing and monitoring applications on the rise<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the overall industry trend toward additional product performance testing and monitoring, demand for sensors to operate in extreme conditions is increasing.<\/p>\n<p>Extreme environment sensors are measuring position and\u00a0displacement in new and increasingly difficult applications.<\/p>\n<p>Will Meenan is with <span class=\"highlight highlight-blue\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kamansensors.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaman Precision Products\/Measuring<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Will Meenan details the different types of sensors needed for corresponding extreme conditions It takes an extremely durable design to make reliable measurements in extreme conditions. Extreme environment position\/displacement sensors perform where most sensors cannot survive. These sensors are designed to operate in the following environmental conditions: * High or cryogenic temperatures *\u00a0Aggressive chemicals or &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104,1],"tags":[2976,2975,2251,2974],"class_list":["post-5456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-electronics","category-process","tag-aggressive-chemicals","tag-extreme-environments","tag-kaman-precision-products","tag-specialised-sensors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sensors withstand extreme temperatures, pressures and aggressive chemicals - Engineer News Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engineernewsnetwork.com\/blog\/sensors-withstand-extreme-temperatures-pressures-and-aggressive-chemicals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sensors withstand extreme temperatures, pressures and aggressive chemicals - Engineer News Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Will Meenan details the different types of sensors needed for corresponding extreme conditions It takes an extremely durable design to make reliable measurements in extreme conditions. 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