The vital role of 5G security 

The rollout of 5G networks promises a new era of connectivity, unlocking the potential for unprecedented speed, reliability, and innovation. While this transformative technology offers many benefits, it also raises significant security concerns. As the world increasingly relies on 5G, ensuring its security becomes paramount. Marcin Bala explores the critical role of 5G security and the challenges it poses

5G is set to redefine the way we connect and communicate. It offers substantial improvements over its predecessor, 4G, with ultra-fast data speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect a massive number of devices simultaneously. These advancements have the potential to revolutionise various industries, from healthcare and transportation to smart cities and manufacturing.

However, with the deployment of 5G infrastructure and the vast number of devices that will rely on these networks, security vulnerabilities become a significant concern.

Increased attack surface

The sheer volume of connected devices in a 5G environment presents a significantly larger attack surface. According to a report by Statista, there are currently over 1,000 5G devices either commercially available or arriving soon, including fixed wireless access (FWA) equipment and battery operated hotspots, with phones occupying the greatest share. 

While more devices mean more convenience and utility, it also means more opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. Whether it’s a connected car, a smart city infrastructure, or a medical device, each device represents a potential entry point for attackers.

Similarly, the proliferation of IoT devices equipped with 5G poses unique security challenges. Many of these devices are small, resource-constrained, and lack robust security features. As a result, they are susceptible to hacking and could be used as a gateway to launch attacks on larger, more critical systems. Ensuring the security of IoT devices in a 5G ecosystem is a pressing concern.

Network slicing

5G’s ability to provide “network slicing” introduces both an opportunity and a risk. Network slicing allows network operators to segment a single physical network into multiple virtual networks, each customised to meet the specific requirements of different applications. While this enables efficient resource allocation, it also introduces complexities in securing each slice independently.

Ensuring proper isolation and segmentation between slices is crucial to prevent unauthorised access or data leakage. Failure to enforce strict separation could lead to security breaches if an attacker gains access to one slice and can then move laterally to others.

Mitigating 5G security concerns

A fundamental approach to 5G security is to integrate security into the design and development of network infrastructure and devices. Security should not be an afterthought but rather a core component of the technology from the outset.

In the case of network slicing, security elements like enhanced authentication, as well as specialised configurations should be applied on a per-slice basis to enforce a Zero Trust architecture. 

5G network operators should also implement continuous monitoring and regular updates to identify and address vulnerabilities promptly. Threat intelligence sharing and real-time monitoring can help protect the network from emerging threats. To achieve this, collaboration between governments, industries, and international bodies is essential as a means for establishing global standards and best practices for 5G security. Harmonising security requirements can ensure a consistent and high level of protection across the ecosystem.

Robust encryption is also crucial for safeguarding data in transit and at rest. Strong encryption protocols and practices should be a priority in a 5G network.

The transition to 5G networks represents a remarkable technological advancement, offering unprecedented capabilities and connectivity. However, these benefits come with a host of security concerns that cannot be ignored. It is crucial to acknowledge and address the evolving security landscape in the 5G era.

Marcin Bala, CEO of telecommunication networks specialist Salumanus.